Durer, Albrecht (1471-1528)
Albrecht Durer, the most gifted painter and engraver of the German Renaissance and Reformation period, was born in Nuremberg. He learned the techniques of engraving in the workshop of his father, a goldsmith, before being apprenticed in 1486 to the Flemish painter Michael Wolgemuth. Durer's earliest recognized work was a self-portrait painted at the age of thirteen
Durer went to Venice in 1494 bringing back with him copies of Mantegna's works and many watercolour and pencil sketches of nature. The Renaissance ideal of the complete man and the artist as scholar and gentleman appealed to Durer who had begun his lifelong search for new ideas, theories, and techniques. Upon his return to Nuremberg, where he remained for ten years, he devoted himself largely to the making of woodcuts and engravings, refining the woodcut to a degree hitherto unknown and raising it to the highest form of graphic art. His prints were distributed all over Europe and when he returned to Italy in 1505, he was received with respect and admiration.
Durer's paintings are beautifully composed, masterfully lit, and rhythmically strong. He attempted to combine the spirit of the Renaissance with that of the Reformation by painting serious, moral, and often symbolic subjects. During his later years, he devoted considerable time to writing and illustrating a book on theories of art based on Piero Della Francesca's earlier work with perspective. In his final period, influenced by the ideas of the Reformation, his work grew more austere in manner and subject. |
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